The textbook Philosophy of Science consists of six chapters. Chapter 1 outlines the dispute between scientific realism and antirealism by dealing with the nature of directly unobservable theoretical objects, and processes posited by scientific theories. Chapter 2 continues in analyzing the problem and argues that induction is not an acceptable method of cognizing in natural sciences. The refusal of the method of induction leads to the question of what the distinctive sign of natural sciences is – the question known as the problem of demarcation. This problem is dealt with in Chapter 3, which concludes that the key role in natural sciences takes the method of falsification. The method of falsification is analyzed closely in Chapter 4. In this way, the epistemic aspect of the dispute between scientific realism and antirealism is considered. Its metaphysical aspect is discussed in the last two chapters. Chapter 5 describes crucial features of the nature of time and space, and in the context of Galilean relativity substantiates the need for the relativity of simultaneity and the existence of space-time. The last chapter, Chapter 6, examines some basic philosophical theories and models of causation and of causality. Each chapter is encapsulated by an English summary and concluded by a list of questions with the purpose to control the degree in which students understood the textbook. Questions are suited for becoming topics of research for student essays or of discussions that are common in teaching practice of philosophy. The textbook contains also bilingual Slovak-English Glossary of key terms as well as a list of basic works from the philosophy of science of the 20th and 21st centuries. This aspect supports the competence of students to read and critically analyze. Bilingual parts make the textbook accessible to foreign students as well.